Chemical+(neurotransmitters)+&+Hormones

//Aim // //Determine how chronic stress (biological wise) becomes a fuel for depression in rats as a determinant for the biological cause of depression in humans. //  //Target Population // //- Participants // //Male and female rats //  //- Sample // //30, 30 respectively //  //Procedure // //1. ////Inject rats with stress hormones // //2. ////<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 115%;">Inject half of the samples with salt water // //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ////<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 115%;">Test for reaction to an open field, capture, thrown in water, predator odor. // <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Findings // //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 115%;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ////<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 115%;">(in rats) males are more susceptible to being depressed after being injected // //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 115%;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ////<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 115%;">Strong correlation between injection of hormones and stress level // <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Ethics // //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">(did the research process raise any ethical issues?) // //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 115%;">Unethical to test on humans, so rats were used instead. // <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> Adelson, R. (2005, January). Hard-hitting hormones: The stress-depression link. Retrieved August 30, 2009, from APA Online Web site: []
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Chemical & Hormones (Mary and VonLyn) __**

Chemicals and Hormones - Val and Jaime

// Bright Lights, Big Relief - Treating Seasonal Affective Disorder // **Aim:** To relieve depression in those who have season affective disorder.

**//Participants://** Anyone, both male and female and in any age group, who suffers from seasonal affective disorder.
 * Target Population: **
 * //Sample://** 96 patients with winter SAD (seasonal affective disorder)

-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> four week study; 96 patients with winter SAD to one of three bright-light treatments that are about 10 to 20 times brighter than ordinary indoor lights -<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> patients got either an hour and a half of bright light in the morning, an hour and a half in the evening, or a morning placebo of two deactivated negative-ion generators
 * Procedure: **

-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> after three weeks; more people in the morning light treatment group than in the placebo group showed significantly complete or more complete remission of their symptoms -<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> people in the night light treatment also had slightly better results than those in the placebo group -<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> “effective phototherapy fostered full remission of depression” (Eastman, 1998)
 * Findings: **

-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> No ethical issues; humane experiment with positive results
 * Ethics: **

(2006, June 26). Bright lights, big relief. Retrieved September 1, 2009, from American Psychological Association Web site: http://www.psychologymatters.org/brightlights.html

Henry Chen and Tommy Fritz //<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">ANIMAL // //**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Aim **////<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">: To understand post-partem depression // //**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Target Population: **////<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> Females // //<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> -Participants: female rodents // //<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> -Sample: Unstated // //**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Procedure **////<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">: Injecting key hormones directly into the brains of female lab rats, hormones and peptides such as strogen, progesterone, oxytocin and vasopressin // //**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Findings: **////<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> Researchers could make poor parents out of rats and other rodents by restricting those same hormones. So these hormones are indeed responsible for post-partem depression. // //**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Ethics: **////<span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> Aside from what could be called minor animal cruelty practiced on lab rats, none. //

// Azar, B. (2009). The postpartum cuddles: Inspired by hormones?. //// Monitor on Psychology ////, //// 33 //// , Retrieved August 31, 2009, from //<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">[]